Accelerated Autonomy: Assessing China’s
2025 Chip Benchmarks and the Reshaping
of Global Semiconductor Geopolitics
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by Xenia Maria Kourtezi
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This article evaluates China’s structural shift toward semiconductor self-sufficiency, centered on the landmark 35% domestic equipment rate achieved in 2025. Analyzing the impact of Western export controls through the lens of Taylor’s Creative Insecurity theory, the study maps the year’s critical breakthroughs in DUV lithography, advanced packaging, and algorithmic optimization. It argues that the West’s strategic de-risking efforts have unintentionally accelerated the development of a parallel Chinese technological ecosystem. By transitioning from a global assembler to an autonomous R&D hub, China is fundamentally redefining the geopolitical landscape, and the future of the global semiconductor supply chain.
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The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author. They do not purport to reflect
the opinions or views of the Institute of International Relations or its Researchers.